# | ADSL | Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line--A method for moving data over regular phone lines. ADSL circuit is much faster than a regular phone connection
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1 | Acquiring Bank | A bank having business relationship with a merchant and receiving all credit card transactions from that merchant, can also be called a merchant bank |
2 | Applet | A small Java program that can be embedded in a web page. Applets differ from full-fledged Java applications in that they are not allowed to access certain resources on the local computer. |
3 | ARPANet | (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) -- The precursor to the Internet. Developed in the late 60Æs and early 70Æs by the US Department of Defense as an experiment in wide-area-networking |
4 | ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange.This is the de facto world-wide standard for the code numbers used by computers to represent all the upper and lower-case Latin letters, number etc |
5 | Authorization | Credit card transaction approval for a merchant by the Card-issuing bank. |
6 | Authorization Code | Code assigned by the card-issuing bank to a credit card sale showing that the transaction is authorized. |
7 | Backbone | A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network. The term is relative as a backbone in a small network will likely be much smaller than many non-backbone lines |
8 | Bandwidth | How much stuff you can send through a connection. Usually measured in bits-per-second. A full page of English text is about 16,000 bits. A fast modem can move about 15,000 bits in one second. |
9 | BankCard | Credit card issued by a bank. Visa and MasterCard are bankcards. American Express and Discover are not. |
10 | Baud | In common usage the baud rate of a modem is how many bits it can send or receive per second. |
11 | BBS | Bulletin Board System. A computerized meeting and announcement system that allows people to carry on discussions, upload and download files, without the people being connected at the same time. |
12 | Binhex | (BINary HEXadecimal) -- A method for converting non-text files (non-ASCII) into ASCII. This is needed because Internet e-mail can only handle ASCII. |
13 | Bit | (Binary DigIT) -- A single digit number in base-2, in other words, either a 1 or a zero. The smallest unit of computerized data. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-per-second. |
14 | Bps | (Bits-Per-Second) -- A measurement of how fast data is moved from one place to another. A 28.8 modem can move 28,800 bits per second. |
15 | Browser | A Client program (software) that is used to look at various kinds of Internet resources. Example: Internet Explorer, Netscape navigator |
16 | Business-to-Business | Where businesses are done between compaines. Example a buyer buying of goods from suppliers via the interent |
17 | Business-to-Consumer | Refers to retail sales and services over the internet |
18 | Byte | A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made. |
19 | Card issuing bank | This bank provides the customer's credit card. The merchant's Acquiring bank completes a credit card transaction with this bank. |
20 | CEPS | (Common Electronic Purse Specisification) - A smart card based electronic token specification developed by VISA |
21 | Certificate Authority | An issuer of Security Certificates used in secure transaction. Common uses are SSL and SET. |
22 | CGI | Common Gateway Interface-A set of rules that describe how a Web Server communicates with another piece of software on the same machine, and how the other piece of software(the CGI program) talks. |
23 | cgi-bin | The most common name of a directory on a web server in which CGI programs are stored. |
24 | Charge-back | Credit card transaction billed back to the merchant who made the sale. Charge-backs occur when a credit cardholder disputes a charge on their bill by claiming the product was never delivered |
25 | Check processing software | Software program enabling a merchant to process a cheque online. The customer completes the check at the merchant web site and the check is manually banked into the merchant's bank account. |
26 | Client | A software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a Server software program on another computer, often across a great distance. |
27 | C-One | (CashCard for Open Network E-Commece) - A smart card based electronic token for small value purchases |
28 | Cookie | The most common meaning of Cookie on the Internet refers to a piece of information sent by a Web Server to a Web Browser that the Browser software is expected to save and to send back to the Server |
29 | Cyberspace | Term originated by author William Gibson in his novel Neuromancer the word Cyberspace is currently used to describe the whole range of information resources available through computer networks. |
30 | Digital cash | Electronic cash residing in an electronic wallet or purse. The transfers from a credit card or bank account can fill up wallet or purse. |
31 | Digital certificate | Virtual fingerprints authenticating the identity of a person or thing absolutely. The certificate itself is simply a collection of information to which a digital signature is attached. |
32 | Digital certificate authority (CA) | A business with authority to issue digital certificates, public & private RSA cryptography keys, see http://www.versign.com |
33 | Digital delivery | Dispatch of digital product, software & information online. |
34 | Digital server ID | Certification issued to a business by http://www.versign.com digital server ID enabling it to process SSL transactions. |
35 | Digital signature | Piece of data sent with an encoded message to uniquely identify the originator and verify the message has not been altered after sending. |
36 | Domain Name | The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Names always have 2 or more parts, separated by dots.eg, www.internet.com |
37 | DSL | (Digital Subscriber Line) -- A method for moving data over regular phone lines. A DSL circuit is much faster than a regular phone connection. |
38 | DTD | Document Type Definition, a type of file associated with SGML and XML documents that defines how the markup tags should be interpreted by the application presenting the document. |
39 | E-Business | Is any form OF BUSINESS PROCESSES in which the parties interact ELECTRONICALLY rather than by physical exchanges or direct physical contact |
40 | E-commerce | The buying and selling of godds and services over the internet |
41 | E-mail | (Electronic Mail) -- Messages, usually text, sent from one person to another via computer. E-mail can also be sent automatically to a large number of addresses (Mailing List). |
42 | Encryption | Coding placed on messages sent across the Internet. The coding scrambles the message making it difficult to be attacked by hackers. |
43 | Ethernet | A very common method of networking computers in a LAN. Ethernet will handle about 10,000,000 bits-per-second and can be used with almost any kind of computer. |
44 | Extranet | A collaborative Internet-based technology that creates a network to link businesses with their suppliers, customers or other business partners and facilitate productive inter company relationships. |
45 | FDDI | Fiber Distributed Data Interface. A standard for transmitting data on optical fiber cables at a rate of around 100,000,000 bits-per-second (10 times as fast as Ethernet, about twice as fast as T-1) |
46 | Finger | An Internet software tool for locating people on other Internet sites. Finger is also sometimes used to give access to non-personal information |
47 | Fire Wall | A combination of hardware and software that separates a LAN into two or more parts for security purposes. |
48 | FTP | (File Transfer Protocol) -- A very common method of moving files between two Internet sites. FTP is a special way to login to another Internet site for the purposes of retrieving and/or sending files |
49 | Gateway | The technical meaning is a hardware or software set-up that translates between two dissimilar protocols. |
50 | GIF | Graphic Interchange Format. A common format for image files, especially suitable for images containing large areas of the same color. |
51 | Gigabyte | 1000 or 1024 Megabytes, depending on who is measuring. |
52 | Gopher | A widely successful method of making menus of material available over the Internet. Gopher is a Client and Server style program, which requires that the user have a Gopher Client program. |
53 | hit | Hit means a single request from a web browser for a single item from a web server; thus in order for a web browser to display a page that contains 3 graphics, there will be 4 hits. |
54 | Home Page (or Homepage) | Originally, the web page that your browser is set to use when it starts up. Now more refers to the main web page for a business, organization, person |
55 | Host | Any computer on a network that is a repository for services available to other computers on the network. It is quite common to have one host machine provide several services, such as WWW and USENET. |
56 | HTML | (HyperText Markup Language) -- The coding language used to create Hypertext documents for use on the World Wide Web. HTML looks a lot like old-fashioned typesetting code |
57 | HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol. The protocol for moving hypertext files across the Internet. Requires a HTTP client program on one end, and an HTTP server program on the other end. |
58 | Hypertext | Generally, any text that contains links to other documents - words or phrases in the document that can be chosen by a reader and which cause another document to be retrieved and displayed. |
59 | Interchange | Transaction between the acquiring bank and card issuing bank |
60 | Interchange fee | A fee the acquiring bank pays to the card-issuing bank to process a transaction involving a cardholder's account. This fee is regulated by Master card and Visa and is a percentage of the total trans |
61 | Internet | The vast collection of inter-connected networks that all use the TCP/IP protocols and that evolved from the ARPANET of the late 60Æs and early 70Æs. |
62 | Internet payment provider | A business providing merchant account establishment and transaction processing services. It may also provide e-commerce software and handle such things as digital delivery. |
63 | Intranet | A private network inside a company or organization that uses the same kinds of software that you would find on the public Internet, but that is only for internal use. |
64 | IP Number | (Internet Protocol Number) -- Sometimes called a dotted quad. A unique number consisting of 4 parts separated by dots, e.g.165.113.245.2. Every machine that is on the Internet has a unique IP number |
65 | IRC | (Internet Relay Chat) -- Basically a huge multi-user live chat facility. There are a number of major IRC servers around the world which are linked to each other. |
66 | ISDN | (Integrated Services Digital Network) -- Basically a way to move more data over existing regular phone lines. |
67 | ISP | (Internet Service Provider) -- An institution that provides access to the Internet in some form, usually for money. |
68 | Java | Java is a network-oriented programming language invented by Sun Microsystems that is specifically designed for writing programs that can be safely downloaded to your computer through the Internet |
69 | JDK | (Java Development Kit) -- A software development package from Sun Microsystems that implements the basic set of tools needed to write, test and debug Java applications and applets |
70 | JPEG | (Joint Photographic Experts Group) -- JPEG is most commonly mentioned as a format for image files. JPEG format is preferred to the GIF format for photographic images |
71 | Kilobyte | A thousand bytes. Actually, usually 1024 (2^10) bytes. |
72 | LAN | (Local Area Network) -- A computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or floor of a building. |
73 | Leased Line | Refers to a phone line that is rented for exclusive 24-hour, 7 -days-a-week use from your location to another location. The highest speed data connections require a leased line. |
74 | Maillist | (or Mailing List) A (usually automated) system that allows people to send e-mail to one address, whereupon their message is copied and sent to all of the other subscribers to the maillist. |
75 | Megabyte | A million bytes. Actually, technically, 1024 kilobytes. |
76 | Merchant discount | Percentage of the retail sale the merchant pays as a fee to the acquiring bank for processing the credit card transaction. So that the acquiring bank can make some money from the transaction |
77 | Micro-payments | Small value transactions usually under $10 and possibly under $1 that are primarily used for sites selling access to information content or games and software. |
78 | MIME | (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) -- The standard for attaching non-text files to standard Internet mail messages. Non-text files include graphics, spreadsheets, formatted word-processor doc |
79 | Mirror | Generally speaking, to mirror is to maintain an exact copy of something. Probably the most common use of the term on the Internet refers to mirror sites which are web sites, or FTP sites |
80 | Modem | (MOdulator, DEModulator) -- A device that you connect to your computer and to a phone line, that allows the computer to talk to other computers through the phone system. |
81 | Mosaic | The first WWW browser that was available for the Macintosh, Windows, and UNIX all with the same interface. Mosaic really started the popularity of the Web. The source-code to Mosaic has been licensed |
82 | MUD | (Multi-User Dungeon or Dimension) -- A (usually text-based) multi-user simulation environment. Some are purely for fun and flirting, others are used for serious software development, or education |
83 | MUSE | (Multi-User Simulated Environment) -- One kind of MUD - usually with little or no violence. |
84 | Network | Any time you connect 2 or more computers together so that they can share resources, you have a computer network. Connect 2 or more networks together and you have an internet. |
85 | Newsgroup | The name for discussion groups on USENET. |
86 | NIC | Networked Information Center. Generally, any office that handles information for a network. The most famous of these on the Internet is the InterNIC, which is where new domain names are registered |
87 | NNTP | Network News Transport Protocol. The protocol used by client and server software to carry USENET postings back and forth over a TCP/IP network. |
88 | Node | Any single computer connected to a network. |
89 | Packet Switching | The method used to move data around on the Internet. In packet switching, all the data coming out of a machine is broken up into chunks, each chunk has the addr of where it came from and where it go |
90 | Password | A code used to gain access to a locked system. Good passwords contain letters and non-letters and are not simple combinations such as virtue7. |
91 | Pay per play | Web site charging a small fee using micro-payments technology to play of a software game that is interactive over the Internet. |
92 | Pay per view | Web site charging a small fee for a view of information, using micro-payments technology. See http://www.pay2see.com for examples. |
93 | Plug-in | A (usually small) piece of software that adds features to a larger piece of software. Common examples are plug-ins for the Netscape browser and web server. Adobe Photoshop also uses plug-ins. |
94 | POP | Post Office Protocol refers to the way e-mail software gets mail from a mail server. When you obtain a SLIP, PPP, or shell account you almost always get a POP account with it. |
95 | Port | Refers to a number that is part of a URL, appearing after a colon (:) right after the domain name. Web servers normally listen on port 80. |
96 | Portal | To described a Web site that is or is intended to be the first place people see when using the Web. Typically a "Portal site"" has a catalog of web sites, a search engine and communities |
97 | Posting | A single message entered into a network communications system.E.g. A single message posted to a newsgroup or message board. |
98 | PPP | (Point to Point Protocol) -- Most well known as a protocol that allows a computer to use a regular telephone line and a modem to make TCP/IP connections and thus be really and truly on the Internet. |
99 | PSTN | (Public Switched Telephone Network) -- The regular old-fashioned telephone system. |
100 | Public and private key cryptography | Public-key cryptography uses a pair of related keys--a public key, which is freely distributed and can be seen by all users; and a corresponding unique private key, which is kept secret |
101 | Real time transaction | An Internet payment transaction that is checked and validated online immediately after the customer completes the order form. Validation usually occurs in approximately 15 seconds. |
102 | Recurring billing transaction | A payment facility provided by some Internet transaction processors enabling for recurring billing transactions to be automatically billed to the customers credit card each billing period. |
103 | Router | A special-purpose computer (or software package) that handles the connection between 2 or more networks. Routers spend all their time looking at the destination addresses of the packets passing thru |
104 | S/MIME | Short for Secure/MIME, a new version of the MIME protocol that supports encryption of messages. S/MIME is based on RSA's public-key encryption technology |
105 | Server | A computer, or a software package, that provides a specific kind of service to client software running on other computers. The term can refer to a particular piece of software, such as a WWW server |
106 | SET | Secure Electronic Transactions (SET) is a complete protocol and infrastructure specification for supporting credit card payments over the Internet.. |
107 | SGML | Standard Generalized Markup Language.A system for organizing and tagging elements of a document.SGML itself does not specify any particular formatting; it specifies the rules for tagging elements. |
108 | Shopping cart | Software that facilitates easy selection and payment for multiple products purchased by a customer from a merchants web site |
109 | SLIP | (Serial Line Internet Protocol) -- A standard for using a regular telephone line (a serial line) and a modem to connect a computer as a real Internet site. SLIP is gradually being replaced by PPP. |
110 | SMDS | (Switched Multimegabit Data Service) -- A new standard for very high-speed data transfer. |
111 | SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.The main protocol used to send electronic mail on the Internet.SMTP consists of a set of rules for how a program sending mail and a program receiving mail should iteract |
112 | SNMP | (Simple Network Management Protocol) -- A set of standards for communication with devices connected to a TCP/IP network. Examples of these devices include routers, hubs, and switches. |
113 | Spam (or Spamming) | An inappropriate attempt to use a mailing list, or USENET or other networked communications facility as if it was a broadcast medium by sending the same message to a large number of people |
114 | SQL | (Structured Query Language) -- A specialized programming language for sending queries to databases. Most industrial-strength and many smaller database applications can be addressed using SQL. |
115 | SSL | (Secure Sockets Layer) -- A protocol designed by Netscape Communications to enable encrypted, authenticated communications across the Internet. |
116 | Sysop | (System Operator) -- Anyone responsible for the physical operations of a computer system or network resource. |
117 | T-1 | A leased-line connection capable of carrying data at 1,544,000 bits-per-second. At maximum theoretical capacity, a T-1 line could move a megabyte in less than 10 seconds. |
118 | T-3 | A leased-line connection capable of carrying data at 44,736,000 bits-per-second. This is more than enough to do full-screen, full-motion video. |
119 | TCP/IP | Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.This is the suite of protocols that defines the Internet. |
120 | Telnet | The command and program used to login from one Internet site to another. The telnet command/program gets you to the login: prompt of another host. |
121 | Terabyte | 1000 gigabytes. |
122 | Terminal | A device that allows you to send commands to a computer somewhere else. At a minimum, this usually means a keyboard and a display screen and some simple circuitry. |
123 | Terminal Server | A special purpose computer that has places to plug in many modems on one side, and a connection to a LAN or host machine on the other side. |
124 | UDP | (User Datagram Protocol) -- One of the protocols for data transfer that is part of the TCP/IP suite of protocols. |
125 | URL | (Uniform Resource Locator) -- The standard way to give the address of any resource on the Internet that is part of the World Wide Web (WWW). |
126 | USENET | A world-wide system of discussion groups, with comments passed among hundreds of thousands of machines. Not all USENET machines are on the Internet, maybe half. USENET is completely decentralized |
127 | UUENCODE | (Unix to Unix Encoding) -- A method for converting files from Binary to ASCII (text) so that they can be sent across the Internet via e-mail. |
128 | Value Chain | Every firm is a collection of activities that are performed to design, produce, market, deliver, and support its product. All their activities can be represented using a value chain. |
129 | VPN | Virtual Private Network.Refers to a network in which some of the parts are connected using the public Internet, but the data sent across is encrypted, so the network is virtuallyprivate. |
130 | WAIS | Wide Area Information Servers.A commercial software package that allows the indexing of huge quantities of information, and then making those indices searchable across networks such as the Internet |
131 | Wallet technology | Technology providing digital wallets or purses on the PC's of merchants and customers for payment by digital cash |
132 | WAN | (Wide Area Network) -- Any internet or network that covers an area larger than a single building or campus. |
133 | XHTML | Extensible Hypertext Markup Language is a hybrid between HTML and XML specifically designed for Net device displays. XHTML is a markup language written in XML; therefore, it is an XML application. |
134 | XML | eXtensible Markup Language. A pared-down version of SGML, designed for Web documents. It enables designers to create their own customized tags to provide functionality not available with HTML.
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